• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and device for replacing the blade (13) in wind turbines consisting of two elements, one upper (1) and one lower (2) that cooperate with each other to raise and/or lower the blade (13) of a wind turbine. The upper "top" element (1) of the device consists of elements (4) screwed to the bearing (3) of the wind turbine and a clamping means (5) of blade (13), while the lower element "ground" (2) ) consists of a structure that surrounds the tower (8) of the wind turbine and that has at least two winches (2.5) and two deflection pulleys (2.4) to connect cables (6) between the "top" element (1) and the "ground" element (2) of the device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2556997A1
    申请号:ES201400538
    申请日:2014-07-07
    公开日:2016-01-21
    发明作者:Raúl MODREGO JIMÉNEZ
    申请人:Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Crane type has several drawbacks, on the one hand they are very expensive, for
    what the cost of installing a wind turbine park or the cost of
    maintenance is greatly increased by its use, and
    on the other hand, since wind turbines are usually located in
    5 hard-to-reach locations, moving these cranes to the point
    required is practically impossible and usually requires the authorization
    of accesses, which is complicated and expensive.
    In this sense different solutions of the State of the
    10 Technique describing different equipment for the assembly and disassembly of
    The blades of a wind turbine.
    Patent W02011 / 095167 describes an equipment of
    assembly / disassembly that has a winch inside the bushing of the
    fifteen wind turbine and hook the blade using a hook to some plates
    screwed to the bolts of attachment to the blade bearing. The team has
    of an element provided with a roller that is placed between the hook and the
    winch that allows the blade to be lowered vertically and
    subsequently rotate it to a horizontal position when it is close to the ground.
    2 o However, this system has the disadvantage that it requires
    large space to place a winch that supports the high weights of
    current blades, as well as more reliable retention and anti-rotation systems than
    the one described above.
    25 W02009 / 128708 describes a device equipped with two
    elements, one placed in the wind turbine hub, which holds the blade
    from the bearings, and another placed inside the blade and that
    cooperate with each other to raise or lower a shovel using a means of
    positioning and lifting means. The descent of the shovel,
    30 secured by a winch, it is performed in an upright position (the tip
    pointing to the ground) by activating an actuator located in one
    of the means that balances the blade towards a predetermined alignment
    Regarding the tower. A winch is used to guarantee the descent
    shovel vertical
    35
    US2010 / 0253086 describes a system that incorporates
    pulleys on the outside of the hub, in the spaces between the blades, the
    which are used to guide a cable that connects with a crane
    service located in the gondola of the wind turbine or a winch (W)
    5 grounded. The blade is held for lowering or lifting by a
    pulley located inside the bushing.
    In view of the drawbacks of the above solutions, it is expected
    the need to implement a solution that guarantees assembly and / or
    10 shovel disassembly at a minimal cost.
    Description of the invention
    For this, the replacement device of the invention consists of two
    fifteen elements, one superior and one inferior that cooperate with each other to raise and / or
    lower a blade of a wind turbine.
    The top element of the device, which from now on
    we will call "top", it consists of some pulley bearing elements and
    2 o shovel clamping means, while the lower element, which to
    from now on we will call "ground", it consists of a surrounding structure
    the wind turbine tower and which has at least two winches and two
    deflection pulleys to connect cables between the "top" element and the
    "ground" element of the device.
    25
    It is an object of the invention that the device can be used in
    any type of wind farm regardless of the type of
    wind turbines installed, so the structure of the "ground" element
    The device allows adjustment to different tower diameters.
    30
    It is an object of the invention that the device can be used in
    any type of wind farm regardless of the type of
    wind turbines installed, so that the blade holding element of the
    "top" element of the device allows adjustment to different diameters of
    35 shovel.
    It is an object of the invention that the device can be used in any location in which the park is located, regardless of the weather conditions, which is why the invention determines in the
    5 "ground" element an inclinometer that controls the inclination of the blade during the descent and / or ascent operations, as well as load cells that measure the weight supported by compression and counterweights that counteract the weight of the blade.
    It is an object of the invention that the system prevents the blade from rotating on itself or turns, so that the device can be combined with any retention system and with any anti-rotation system.
    It is an object of the invention a method of raising and / or lowering a blade of a wind turbine using the device of the invention.
    These and other aspects of the invention will be described in more detail with the help of the drawings described below. 2 O Brief description of the drawings.
    Figures 1A and 18 show the upper element of the replacement device of the invention.
    Figure 2 shows the lower element of the replacement device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 3 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the bearing elements of the upper element of the replacement device 3 O according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figures 4A, 48 and 4C show the different types of bearing elements of the upper element of the replacement device of the invention of the previous figure.
    Figure 5 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the blade clamping means of the upper element of the replacement device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    5 Figures 6A and 68 are detailed views of the blade holding element of the previous figure.
    10 Figures 7A, 78 and 7e are detailed views of the different elements that make up the lower element of the blade replacement device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 8 is a perspective view of the replacement device applied in a wind turbine.
    fifteen Figure 9 is a detailed view of the blade holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Description of a preferred embodiment
    2 o The present invention is related to a method and a device for replacing the blades of a wind turbine in maintenance or installation of wind farms.
    25 The wind turbines consist of a tower (8) that lifts a gondola (14) on the ground that carries an electric generator connected to a rotor by mechanical means.
    3 o The rotor is formed by a hub (15) that connects at least one blade (13) that is screwed to the hub (15) of the wind turbine through bearings (3) that have studs that are inserted into the root (7 ) of the shovel.
    35 The blade replacement device (13) of the present invention consists of two elements (1, 2) that cooperate with each other to ensure the correct lifting / lowering of the wind turbine blade (13); an element
    "top" (1) (see figures 1A and 1 B) that is placed in the bearing (3) of the bushing
    (15) and at the root (7) of the blade (13), and a "ground" element (2) (see figure 2)
    which is arranged at the base of the tower (8) of the wind turbine.
    5 The "top" element (1) consists of two parts (4,5), one (4) that is set to
    the bearing (3) of the bushing (15) (figure 1A) and another (5) in the form of a flange (figure
    1B) surrounding the root (7) of the blade (13).
    The part (4) of the "top" element (1) that is fixed in the bearing (3) of
    10 shovel (see figure 3) consists of several horizontal deflection pulleys (4.2) and
    vertical (4.1), and various fixing elements (4.3) of the cable (6) (see figures
    4A, 4B AND 4C), which are arranged on the outer race of the blade bearing (3)
    of the bushing (15) and whose function is to support, drive and tie the cables (6)
    that rise from the winches (2.5) of the "ground" element (2) and engage
    fifteen with the blade flange (5) (13) of the "top" element (1).
    The vertical deflection pulleys (4.1) are used to direct the cable (6)
    towards the flange (5) of the blade (13) and the winches (2.5) of the element
    "ground" (2), while horizontal pulleys (4.2) are used to
    2 o guide the cables (6) horizontally around the bearing (3) and the
    fasteners (4.3) to hold the end of the cables (6).
    The blade flange (5) (13) of the "top" element (1) (figure 1B) consists of
    two pulley segments (5.1) And at least two connecting segments (5.2),
    25 screwed together by means of connecting screws (5.3) which, in
    cooperation with shims (5.4), allow adjusting the diameter of the flange
    (5) to the diameter of the blade root (7) (13) (see figures 6A and 6B). The
    Pulley segments (5.1) consist of a pulley (9) and an element of
    reinforcement (10), the pulley (9) must be positioned facing the
    30 bearing (3) and facing the corresponding deflection pulley (4.1) of the
    bearing part (4) of the "top" element (1), while the segments
    of union (5.2) are symmetrical, so they have no position
    determined placement. The flange (5) is constituted by joining the
    pulley segments (5.1) and the connecting segments (5.2) so that
    35 a pulley segment (5.1) remains on each side of the blade (13),
    that is, one on the side closest to the tower (8) and one on the outer side.
    For the blade flange (5) to work properly, it must be level with respect to the blade bearing (3). Since the blade root (7) usually has many irregularities, the segments (5.1, 5.2) of the blade flange (5) have a series of holes (11) to introduce rods (12) (see Figure 5) which support with the end opposite the segment (5.1, 5.2) in the blade bearing (3) and that allow to regulate the flange (5) in height with respect to the bearing (3). Said rods (12) will be removed afterwards, once the flange (5) has been fully fixed in the root (7) of the blade (13).
    According to an embodiment of the invention, part (4) of the "top" element
    (1) that is fixed to the bearing (3) and the part (5) that constitutes the blade flange (13) must be perfectly aligned with each other, so that the deflection of the cable (6) between the vertical pulleys ( 4.1) And the pulleys (9) of the flange (5) are perfectly aligned, so that the different elements (4, 5) that constitute the "top" element must be in a specific position and the blade in position O ° .
    The "ground" element (2) consists of a structure (2.1) formed by sections comprising fixed rollers (2.2), a centering roller (2.3), bypass pulleys (2.4), winches (2.5), a detachable structure (2.1), a counterweight (2.6), an electrical panel (2.7) and control elements such as an inclinometer (not shown) and load cells (not shown) located on the forwarding pulleys (2.4) of the counterweights (2.6) that allow to control the tension of the cable (6).
    The main section of the structure (2.1) supports the winches (2.5), the electrical panel (2.7) and the fixed rollers (2.2) and is positioned at the base of the tower (8). The parallel sections of the structure (2.1) are symmetrical and are screwed to the main section perpendicular to it. The counterweights (2.6) are placed at the ends of the parallel sections and between them is placed a front section provided with an adjustable centering roller (2.3). The front section, once placed at the point closest to the tower (8), is screwed between the counterweights (2.6) to finally adjust the centering roller (2.3) adjustable with the tower (8) (see figures 7 A , 7B, 7C).
    The electrical panel (2.7) has a start button and an emergency button (not shown), a touch screen (not shown) to visualize the status of the different elements that make up the blade replacement device (13), as well as tension and cable movement indicators (6) connected to the load cells of the pulleys (2.4) of the counterweights (2.6), a selector and some warning lights for the operation of the winches (2.5). In this way, the device allows to configure the working limits of inclination of the blade (13) and the tension in the cables (6).
    The blade replacement method (see figures 8 and 9) comprises the following steps;
    Place the "ground" element (2) of the blade replacement device (13) at the base of the tower (8). Place the flange (5) of the "top" element (1) on the root (7) of the blade
    (13) to replace / repair.Position the blade (13) vertically upwards or in positionhorizontal.Turn the wind turbine rotor until the blade (13) is inhorizontal position down.Lift the cables (6) from the "ground" element (2) using the craneauxiliary (not shown) located in the gondola (14) of thewind turbinePass the cables (6) through the pulleys (9) of the pulley segments
    (5.1) of the flange (5) of the "top" element (1) at the root (7) of the blade
    (13) and by horizontal (4.2) and vertical (4.1) deflection pulleys,and secure them to the fasteners (4.3) of part (4) of the"top" element (1) that is fixed in the blade bearing (3).Remove the mooring of the auxiliary crane (not shown) located in theGondola (14) of the wind turbine.Guide a retaining tool (not shown) by the blade using aconventional retention system (not shown).
    Unscrew the blade (13) from the bearing (3) of the bushing (15) of the
    wind turbine
    Lower the blade (13) by operating the winches (2.5) of the
    "ground" element (2) of the blade replacement device (13)
    5 using a conventional retention system (not shown) and place it horizontally on the floor.
    The lifting of the blade (13) is carried out following the steps of lowering the blade in the reverse order.
    . 10
    Although the present invention has been described entirely in connection with preferred embodiments, it is evident that those modifications can be made within its scope, not considering this as limited by the above embodiments, but by the content of the claims
    Next 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]

    [6]
    6.-Blade replacement device in wind turbines, according to the
    claim 1, characterized in that the "ground" element (2) consists of
    a structure (2.1) formed by sections comprising fixed rollers
    (2.2), a centering roller (2.3), bypass pulleys (2.4), about
    5 winches (2.5), a detachable structure (2.1), a counterweight (2.6), a
    electrical panel (2.7) and control elements such as an inclinometer (no
    represented) and load cells (not shown) located in the
    forwarding pulleys (2.4) of the counterweights (2.6) that allow controlling the
    cable tension (6).
    10
    [7]
    7.-Blade replacement device in wind turbines, according to the
    claim 6, characterized in that the main section of the structure (2.1)
    supports the winches (2.5), the electrical panel (2.7) and the fixed rollers
    (2.2) and it is positioned at the base of the tower (8).
    fifteen
    [8]
    8.-Blade replacement device in wind turbines, according to the
    claim 6, characterized in that the parallel sections of the structure
    (2.1) they are symmetrical and screwed to the main section perpendicularly
    to this.
    twenty
    [9]
    9.-Blade replacement device in wind turbines, according to the
    claim 6, characterized in that the counterweights (2.6) are placed in
    the ends of the parallel sections and between them a frontal section is placed
    provided with an adjustable centering roller (2.3).
    25
    [10]
    10.-Blade replacement device in wind turbines, according to the
    claim 6, characterized in that the electrical panel (2.7) has a
    Start button and one emergency (not shown), a screen
    touch (not shown) to display the status of the different elements
    3 o that make up the blade replacement device (13), as well as
    tension and cable movement indicators (6) connected to the cells
    of load of the pulleys (2.4) of the counterweights (2.6), a selector and some
    warning lights of the winches operation (2.5).
    35 11.-Wind turbine blade replacement method of the type that
    It uses a device according to claims 1-10, characterized in that the lowering of the blade (13) comprises the following steps;
    Place the "ground" element (2) of the blade replacement device (13) at the base of the tower (8). Place the flange (5) of the "top" element (1) on the root (7) of the blade
    (13) to replace / repair.Position the blade (13) vertically upwards or in positionhorizontal.Turn the wind turbine rotor until the blade (13) is inhorizontal position down.Lift the cables (6) from the "ground" element (2) using the craneauxiliary (not shown) located in the gondola (14) of thewind turbinePass the cables (6) through the pulleys (9) of the pulley segments
    (5.1) of the flange (5) of the "top" element (1) at the root (7) of the blade
    (13) and by horizontal (4.2) and vertical (4.1) deflection pulleys,and secure them to the fasteners (4.3) of part (4) of the"top" element (1) that is fixed in the blade bearing (3).Remove the mooring of the auxiliary crane (not shown) located in theGondola (14) of the wind turbine.Guide a retaining tool (not shown) by the blade using aconventional retention system (not shown).Unscrew the blade (13) from the bearing (3) of the bushing (15) of thewind turbineLower the blade (13) by operating the winches (2.5) of the"ground" element (2) of the blade replacement device (13)using a conventional retention system (norepresented) and place it horizontally on the ground.
    [12]
    12. Wind turbine blade replacement method according to claim 11, characterized in that the lifting of the blade (13) follows the steps of lowering the blade (13) in reverse order.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201400538A|ES2556997B1|2014-07-07|2014-07-07|Blade replacement method and device in wind turbines|ES201400538A| ES2556997B1|2014-07-07|2014-07-07|Blade replacement method and device in wind turbines|
    US14/748,807| US10054111B2|2014-07-07|2015-06-24|Method and device for blade replacement in wind turbines|
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